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Francesco Mazzaferro
Francesco Mazzaferro (born 1940 in Gioiosa Ionica), also known as Ciccio, is an Italian criminal and a member of the 'Ndrangheta in Calabria. He belongs to the Mazzaferro 'ndrina from Gioiosa Ionica. The clan is opposed to the Ursino clan from the same town.〔 Gratteri & Nicaso, ''Fratelli di Sangue'', pp. 136-137〕 He was leading the Mazzaferro clan together with his brothers Giuseppe and Vincenzo.
==Moving north==
In the early 1970s, Mazzaferro was found guilty of exercising a monopoly over transportation in the area of Gioiosa Jonica. The court ordered him to reside outside his region of origin, and in 1972 he moved to Bardonecchia in the Province of Turin, in the Piedmont region, where lived for some time the powerful cousin Rocco Lo Presti, historical mafia boss of Bardonecchia and Val di Susa. There he started a transport company servicing construction sites and through the use of force and intimidation obtained several contracts related to the construction of the Fréjus Road Tunnel.〔(How Mafias Migrate: The Case of the 'Ndrangheta in Northern Italy ), by Federico Varese, Discussion Papers in Economic and Social History, Number 59, University of Oxford, July 2005〕〔 ('Don Ciccio' e i 30 anni di mafia nella Val Susa ), La Repubblica, November 7, 2006〕
Throughout the 1980s, he was charged with a variety of offenses in Piedmont, Calabria, and Sicily. On May 17, 1984, he was arrested for drug trafficking.〔 (Preso a Torino uno dei capi dell'ndrangheta ), La Repubblica, May 18, 1984〕 The judicial inquiry also looked into skimming off of public contracts in the Val Susa area. He was sentenced to 18 years by the court in Turin in 1987.〔 (La Piovra in Piemonte, a Bardonecchia ), Omicron Nr. 39, January-March 2003〕 He was found guilty of being the boss of a ‘‘mafia group’’ based in Piedmont that was involved in several crimes, including drug trafficking and illegal money lending.〔
The influence and power of the Mazzaferro on local politicians was such that the council of the municipality of Bardonecchia had to be dissolved in 1995 by the government. Dissolving municipal councils was common in the south of Italy, where the power of organized crime was firmly established. In the north of Italy, however, this had never happened before. The dissolution of the council of Bardonecchia marked the recognition of the fact that 'Ndrangetha clans had penetrated deeply in society in northern Italy as well.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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